Computer
Explain What is Kernel and Shell in UNIX
In UNIX and Linux Kernel and shell is the most important thing to interact with users. In this article, I explain what is kernel and shell in UNIX and the kernel and shell relationship, diagram.
Structure of UNIX Operation System
Foremost among the division of labor between two agencies, one interacting with the user and the other with the machine hardware. Two abstract constituents – the Kernel and the Shell.
Read Also: Different Type of Computer Memory
What is the kernel?
The Kennel the heart of the Unix System – a collection of programs mostly written in C Langauge, which communicate with the hardware directly. There is only one kernel for any system. It is that part of the Unix System that is loaded into memory when the system is booted. It manages the system resources, allocates time between users and processes, decides process priorities, and performs all the other tasks, which you would not like to bother about.
Because the kernel isolates itself from the user programs and these programs are dependent on the hardware they use, it is easy to move them across different systems. Programs therefore must not have knowledge of the devices they use. The Unix Kernel consists of about 10,000 lines of C code and another 1000 lines of assembly code. The kernel represents only a small portion of the operating system (5 to 10 percent of the code).
Diagram of Kernel and Shell
Read Also: History of Unix OS
What is Shell
The Shell, on other hand, is the “sleeping beauty”. It is the interpreter of user requests. Com-puters cannot translate commands into action, an interpreter is required and the shell handles that job in the UNIX system and It takes a command from the User, deciphers it, and by exchanging information communicates with the Kernel so that the command is executed.
It is actually the interface between the user and kernel, which effectively insulates the user from the knowledge of Kernel functions. The shell Sprencieheans takes care of the features of redirection and it also has a programming capability of its own. The shell not permanently resident in the main memory like the Kernel-it can be swapped as needed. A shell pro-grams starts as you log in and terminates as you log out.
A unique feature of the UNIX operating systems that all UNIX commands exist as utility programs. These programs are located in individual files in one of the system directories such as/bin, /usr/bin,/sbin, /etc/user/bin, etc. The shell enables a user to access all other utilities and resources that are available on the computer.
If you like the article please comment below to improve our articles 🙂
Microsoft Word is one the most useful Software for office work, Student presentation, and many more. We use Curve, bend, and wrap text in ms word many times as an office, collage, School presentation Heading. In this article, You will know how to Write Curve, bend, and wrap text in ms word Step by step.
Why do we use Curve, bend, and wrap text in ms word?
Curved text is used when you design a flyer, newsletter, and logo in your Word document to enhance the look of the presentation. Microsoft Word has a very easy way to Write Curve, bend, and wrap text.
How to Write Curve, bend, and wrap text in MS Word Step by step:
Step 1: Open the new or an existing Word document.
Step 2: Highlight or select the text that you want to curve, bend, or warp.
Step 3: Go to the Insert tab on the Ribbon and click on the WordArt icon in the Text section.
Read Also: What is Mail Merge in MS word, How to use it
Step 4: A list of WordArt will appear. Select the letter style from the WordArt list to apply to the text.
Step 5: Once WordArt is added to your text, a new menu Drawing tool is created automatically. Now, go to the Format tab on the Ribbon and click on the drop-down icon then click Text Efforts in the WordArt Styles section.
Step 6: Click on the Transform option from the Text Effects drop-down menu. Select the curve that you want to apply in the selected text.
Result: Now your Selected word is Transformed in your chosen style(Curve, bend, and wrap).
I hope you get the all information about How to Write Curve, bend, and wrap text in ms word. If you like this article, you can share and comment. So that we too have a chance to learn something from your ideas and improve something.
Read Also:
- Explain the generation of computers
- Explain What are Webmail and Email
- What is logic Gates in Computer With Example
Lookup is one of the most used full functions in Microsoft Excel. It’s used to categorize under Excel Lookup and reference functions. In this article, I explain What is the Lookup function in Excel | Explain V and H lookup Function
Explain Lookup function in Excel
The LOOKUP Function is categorized under Excel Lookup and reference functions. This section discusses various techniques that you can use to look UP a value in a range of data Excel has three functions(LookUP, V LookUP, H LookUP) designed for this task.
A Look-UP formula essentially returns a value from a table by looking up another related value. A common telephone directory provides a good analogy. If you want to find a person’s telephone number, You first locate the name and then retrieve the corresponding number.
Example of LookUp Function in Excel :
In Worksheet that uses Several look UP formulas. This Worksheet Contains a table of employee data, beginning in row 7. This range name is EmpData. When you enter the last name into cell C2, lookup formulas in D2:G2 retrieve the matching information from the table. If the last name does not appear in column C, the formulas return.
The following lookup formulas use the Vlookup function:
- D2 = VLOOKUP (C2, EmpData,2,FALSE)
- E2 = VLOOKUP (C2, EmpData,3,FALSE)
- F2 = VLOOKUP (C2, EmpData,4,FALSE)
- G2 = VLOOKUP (C2, EmpData,5,FALSE)
Explain V-Lookup Function in Excel
The VLookup function looks up the value in the first column of the lookup table and returns the corresponding value in a specified table column. So, the lookup table arranges vertically.
The syntax for the VLookUp Function is: VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,range_lookup)
The VLookup Function’s arguments are as follows:
- lookup_value: The value is to be in the first column of the lookup table.
- table_array: The range that contains the lookup table.
- col_index_num: The column number within the table from which the matching value is in return.
- range_lookup: Optional. If TRUE or omitted, an approximate match is returned. However, If FALSE, Vlookup will search for an exact match and, if Vlookup can’t find an exact match, the function returns #/NA.
Explain H-Lookup Function in Excel
The HLookup function works just like the VLookup function except that the lookup table is arranged horizontally instead of vertically. The HLookup function looks up the value in the first row of the lookup table and returns the corresponding value in a specified table row.
The syntax for the HLookUp Function is: HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup)
The HLookup function’s arguments are as follows:
- lookup_value: The value is to be in the first row of the lookup table.
- table_array: The range that contains the lookup table.
- row_index_num: The row number within the table from which the matching value is in return.
- range_lookup: Optional. If TRUE or omitted, an approximate match is returned. However, If FALSE, Vlookup will search for an exact match and, if Vlookup can’t find an exact match, the function returns #/NA.
I hope you get the all information about Explain Lookup function. V and H lookup Function in Excel with Example. If you like this article, you can share and comment. So that we too have a chance to learn something from your ideas and improve something.
Read Also:
- What is Mail Merge in MS word, How to use it.
- Difference between Vector and Raster graphics
- Algorithm in Computer
Graphics help us to see the photo, video, Animation Popularly, and Vector Graphics are sharp and detailed than Raster Graphics. In this article, I Explain the Difference between Vector and Raster graphics with Examples.
What is the difference between Vector and Raster graphics?
Graphics are part of Multimedia. In Digital media like Photo, Video, Animation all these things are made by graphics. Graphics are two types Vector Graphics and Raster Graphics.
Vector Graphics |
Raster Graphics |
|---|---|
| Vector Graphics are composed of paths. | Raster graphics are composed of pixels. |
| Vector Graphics such as a.eps file or Adobe Illustrator file are composed of paths or lines, that are either straight or curved. | Raster graphics Such as a .gif .jpeg is arranging of pixels of various colors, which together form an image. |
| The data file for a Vector image contains the points where the paths and ends how much the path curve, and the colors that either border or fill the paths. | Raster graphics, on the other hand, become “blocky” since each pixel increases in size as the image is larger. |
| Vector Graphics is Capable of detailed editing. | Raster graphics are Less detailed but offer precise paths. |
Read Also: What is Multimedia in Computer With Example
Example of Vector Graphics Software with Format:
- Adobe Illustrator.
- CorelDraw.
Vector Graphics typically saved as EPS, AI, SVG, PDF Format.
Example of Raster graphics Software with Format:
- Adobe Photoshop.
- Gimp.
Raster Graphics saved as JPG, GIF, PNG, TIF, BMP Format.
I hope you get the all information about the difference between Vector and Raster graphics with Example. If you like this article, you can share and comment. So that we too have a chance to learn something from your ideas and improve something.
Read Also:
-
News16 hours agoNintendo Switch: 4 New Free Games Sega for Online Subscribers
-
News14 hours ago
BGMI Crosses 100 million Milestone, Krafton’s big announcement on the occasion of one year anniversary
-
News13 hours ago
Tata Motors set new records every month, car sales up 84% in June, demand for electric models soars
